Hourly Trend Analysis of Spatio-temporal Precipitation Extremes Using TRMM and GPM Satellite Data on ETCCDI Indices for the Indian Region

India relies heavily on rainfall for agriculture, water management, and climate planning. Satellite missions like the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) provide global rainfall data, but they haven’t been fully used for studying daily or hourly rainfall in India. This research looks at how daily data from these satellites can help analyze rainfall patterns over time. It uses methods like the Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator, compatible with handling satellite data. The study analyzes each hour starting from the 00th to the 21st (00th, 03rd, 06th, 09th, 12th, 15th, 18th, 21st), i.e., daily data split into 3-hour intervals to infer insights into diurnal changes within precipitation patterns. Moreover, through this process, the recent shift of extreme rainfall activities from the Bay of Bengal towards the Arabian Sea is also addressed, and a call for action is made through which the government and meteorological organizations can draw meaningful conclusions for early future calamity prediction.