Numerical Simulation of Seawall and Mangrove Effectiveness as Tsunami Barriers for Yogyakarta International Airport

Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA) is located on the southern coast of Java Island which potentially vulnerable to tsunami disaster. Based on data from BNPB (N ational Agency for Disaster Countermeasure), the southern coast of Java is a high priority area with a high tsunami risk. YIA has the potential to be hit by a tsunami triggered by an Mw 8.8 earthquake source. Ensuring comprehensive measures is essensial to maintain airport infrastructure and protect lives in the event of a disaster. This study conducted various tsunami mitigation using a numerical model by simulating eight different conditions. The results show that integrating natural barriers, such as mangroves, with seawalls enhances mitigation performance. The combination of mangroves and as-meter seawall provides protection similar to that of a standalone 10-meter seawall, while the combination of mangroves and a 10-meter seawall achieves results comparable to a 1S-meter seawall. The most effective scenario is the combination of mangroves and a 1S-meter seawall, which provides full protection to the airport and reduces inundation in nearby areas.