PID Control Design Using ITSE Index for Load Frequency Stability in Renewable Integrated Standalone Microgrids

This contribution addresses proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control scheme for load frequency stability of a standalone microgrid <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(S\mu G)$</tex>. The frequency stability of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$S\mu G$</tex> is affected because of variability of renewable sources and load variations. The frequency stability of the system is managed by PID controller. To achieve frequency stability, PID controller tuning is accomplished through an error-based tuning method, i.e., integral time square error (ITSE). ITSE assisted-PID controller is examined for frequency stability management of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$S\mu G$</tex>. Comparative analyses of frequency response, controller effort, and error indices are performed. The results indicate that ITSE- PID controller effectively maintains frequency stability with an improved transient response.