Energy Efficient RF Harvesting System for Self-Sustaining Sensor Networks

Advancements in low-power CMOS technology have enabled innovative circuit designs for sensor systems, including implantable and wearable devices, as well as wireless sensor nodes (WSNs). However, the challenge of powering these systems persists due to the slower progress in battery technology, which limits the integration of multiple sensor modules and poses risks such as leakage in medical implants. Energy harvesting has emerged as a promising alternative, utilizing ambient sources like RF signals, wind, solar, mechanical vibrations, and thermal energy to power these devices. This study focuses on RF and piezoelectric vibration-based energy scavenging systems, particularly using MOSFETs in novel circuit designs to harness RF energy. Implemented in a 130 nm CMOS process, these designs demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of RF energy harvesting in creating self-sustaining, energy-efficient sensor systems. The findings contribute significantly to the development of more functional and safer sensor applications across various fields.