Study on Multi-Objective Optimization of Assembly Strategies for Building Constructions Based on BIM

The construction industry is one of the key sectors for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Prefabricated buildings have gained significant attention due to their sustainability advantages in reducing the environmental impact of construction activities. During the assembly process of prefabricated components, different assembly rates have varying impacts on project carbon emissions and construction costs, necessitating a comprehensive balance of these factors. This study analyzes the calculation methods for carbon emissions during the construction phase and establishes a unified carbon emission calculation model applicable to both prefabricated and traditional cast-in-place construction methods. By integrating national coding standards with Revit’s built-in codes, a multi-objective optimization coding system for building components in BIM models is proposed. This system extends component attributes in BIM models to include carbon emission factors and cost information, forming a unified data foundation for optimizing assembly strategies. A binary differential evolution particle swarm optimization (BDEPSO) method is employed to establish a model for optimizing assembly strategies in prefabricated construction. A typical prefabricated substation project is used as a case study to validate the proposed method. Under specified assembly rate conditions, the project cost is reduced by approximately $\mathbf{1 2. 1 1 \%}$, and carbon emissions decrease by about 1%, demonstrating the method’s effectiveness and reliability. The results indicate that the proposed approach provides theoretical and practical support for the development of prefabricated buildings.