Research on Electromagnetic Shielding Structure Design and Shielding Performance of Key Components in Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicles emit electromagnetic radiation energy during normal operation, and harmful electromagnetic radiation can severely affect the normal operation of sensitive components inside the vehicle. The study centers on metal grid electromagnetic shielding structures, analyzing the influence of parameters like grid cell period and linewidth on optical and electromagnetic shielding performance, while comparing the shielding efficiency of different metal grid shapes. Additionally, a novel and effective metal grid electromagnetic shielding structure was designed for a specific model of electric vehicle. This structure achieves a shielding efficiency of over ${9 0 \%}$ in the ${2 - 2 0} \mathrm{G H z}$ frequency band, with a maximum shielding effectiveness of 33.5 dB, aimed at protecting the sensitive components inside the vehicle. Metal grid component samples were manufactured using a liquid metal injection molding method within trenches formed by photopolymerized 3D printing. The developed metal grid shielding structure exhibits an effective electromagnetic shielding range from $3-20 \mathrm{GHz}$, achieving a peak shielding efficiency of 24.8 dB, indicating satisfactory shielding performance.