Antagonismo y complementariedad de la ortodoxia y heterodoxia: desde Smith hasta Keynes

The objective of this reflection article is to establish a conceptual discussion on the widespread belief of a domination and antagonism between orthodox and heterodox economic thought, which are an integral part of the history of economic science and economic history, within the framework of understanding of economic thought as a mechanism for interpreting changing realities. In this way, an evolutionary construction was made of the most significant contributions made by various thinkers on economic phenomena and relationships between agents of historical economic systems of social organization until reaching the consolidation of economics as a science and its so-called orthodox and later compare it with heterodox currents looking for meeting points and distance between systems of thought in economics. Among the main conclusions, it stands out that the greatest differences refer to the methodology, philosophy and techniques implemented, and the position regarding the structure and functioning of the economic system of each era; However, orthodoxy and heterodoxy are complementary thoughts that feed off each other and on several occasions are supported by similar postulates, but with non-equivalent conclusions, which are not necessarily antagonistic.