Single-Node Power Demand During AI Training: Measurements on an 8-GPU NVIDIA H100 System

The expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) applications has driven substantial investment in computational infrastructure, especially by cloud computing providers. Quantifying the energy footprint of this infrastructure requires models parameterized by the power demand of AI hardware during training. In this work, we measured the instantaneous power draw of an 8-GPU NVIDIA H100 HGX node during the training of open-source image classifier (ResNet) and large-language models (Llama2-13b). We characterize power demand for a single node configuration, providing foundational data for future multi-node studies. The maximum observed power draw was approximately 8.4 kW, 18% lower than the manufacturer-rated 10.2 kW, even with GPUs near full utilization. Holding model architecture constant, increasing batch size from 512 to 4096 images for ResNet reduced total training energy consumption by a factor of 4. These findings can inform capacity planning for data center operators and energy use estimates by researchers. Future work will investigate the impact of cooling technology and carbon-aware scheduling on AI workload energy consumption.

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Publication Details

Journal
IEEE Access
Published
2025-01-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3554728
Citations
9
Primary Topic
Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
11.18

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Single-Node Power Demand During AI Training: Measurements on an 8-GPU NVIDIA H100 System

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IEEE Access
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article

Single-Node Power Demand During AI Training: Measurements on an 8-GPU NVIDIA H100 System

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article en
9 citations

Abstract

The expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) applications has driven substantial investment in computational infrastructure, especially by cloud computing providers. Quantifying the energy footprint of this infrastructure requires models parameterized by the power demand of AI hardware during training. In this work, we measured the instantaneous power draw of an 8-GPU NVIDIA H100 HGX node during the training of open-source image classifier (ResNet) and large-language models (Llama2-13b). We characterize power demand for a single node configuration, providing foundational data for future multi-node studies. The maximum observed power draw was approximately 8.4 kW, 18% lower than the manufacturer-rated 10.2 kW, even with GPUs near full utilization. Holding model architecture constant, increasing batch size from 512 to 4096 images for ResNet reduced total training energy consumption by a factor of 4. These findings can inform capacity planning for data center operators and energy use estimates by researchers. Future work will investigate the impact of cooling technology and carbon-aware scheduling on AI workload energy consumption.

IEEE AccessVol. 13
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US), Brookhaven National Laboratory (US), Florida Atlantic University (US)
U.S. Department of Energy, Brookhaven National Laboratory
Affordable and clean energy
Openalex Percentile: Top 2%
Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection
11.18
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