Multifunctional Sensitive Positive Friction Layer of TPU/MXene/STO Composited Film for Triboelectric Nanogenerator

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are ideal candidates for flexible wearable electronics due to their simple structure, high output voltage, and sensitivity. However, the output of the flexible TENG for wearable electronics still needs further improvement. This study fabricated a positive triboelectric layer with fillers to improve the output equipped with a dense, irregular surface structure by using electrospinning. The effect of the composite filler consisting of conductive MXene nanosheets and ferroelectric strontium titanate nanoparticles was investigated by adjusting their ratio. Compared to pure thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), the voltage and current of the TMS-based (TPU/MXene/STO) TENG increased by 7 and 34 times. Furthermore, the fabricated TENG has been successfully applied in flexible sensing. It can detect the curvature of different object grips and various breathing conditions, making it promising for intelligent sensing and health monitoring applications. This study successfully developed a low-cost, high-performance, and highly sensitive TENG, which shows significant potential in smart wearable devices.