CAMBIOS HISTOLÓGICOS Y ANATÓMICOS DE LA PIEL: UNA REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DE LA METODOLOGÍA DEINVESTIGACIÓN

ABSTRACT The skin is an essential organ that protects the body, regulates temperature, and plays a key role in sensory perception. Its histological structure comprises the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, housing specialized cells such as keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts. Over time, various intrinsic (genetics, aging) and extrinsic (solar radiation, pollution) factors induce anatomical and functional changes that affect collagen production, elasticity, and immune responses. In inflammatory disorders like psoriasis, characteristic modifications in the skin layers are observed, while fungal infections alter the stratum corneum and skin appendages. Additionally, skin aging involves a loss of firmness and wrinkle formation, whereas hypertrophic scarring reflects excessive collagen deposition. Understanding these changes through imaging techniques and molecular studies is crucial for improving the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of multiple dermatological conditions. KEYWORDS: Skin histology; Anatomical alterations; Skin aging; Cutaneous inflammation; Hypertrophic scarring.