A Fine-Grained Access Control for User Carbon Emission Data Based on Spatio-Temporal Attribute-Based Encryption

With the rapid growth of user carbon emission data, data privacy and confidentiality have become critical concerns. To protect the critical and sensitive information of users, access control serves as one of the fundamental solutions. This paper proposes a novel fine-grained access control method, combining blockchain and spatio-temporal attribute-based encryption to enhance data security. In this approach, blockchain provides decentralized, distributed storage and verification mechanisms, while spatio-temporal attribute-based encryption is used to implement access policies specified by the data owner. By integrating spatial and temporal characteristics into the encryption process, the proposed method ensures that only authorized entities can access sensitive carbon emission data at designated times and locations. Experimental results demonstrate that this method effectively maintains data confidentiality while providing flexibility and scalability for access control in blockchain environments.