Nanoparticles Modified Solid-Contact Potentiometric Sensor for Selective Nanomolar Citicoline Determination

In light of the increasing concerns surrounding the hyper-inflammatory condition of COVID-19 on the neurovascular system, it’s crucial to explore treatments for both short- and long-term neurological issues. Citicoline sodium, known for its anti-inflammatory, antiviral, neuroprotective, and neurorestorative properties, plays a significant role in addressing neurological diseases, particularly cognitive defects following COVID-19. This work describes three glassy carbon potentiometric sensors fabricated to determine Citicoline sodium in its market dosage forms and spiked human plasma. The suggested PVC polymeric membrane/glassy carbon sensors were evaluated both before and after the incorporation of cobalt oxide and copper nanoparticles into the PVC polymeric membrane as an ion-to-electron transducer. This is the first solid-state sensor to quantitatively measure Citicoline sodium in biological fluids. The sensor’s performance was evaluated according to IUPAC recommendations, showing a quantification range of 1.00 × 10 −8 to 1.00 × 10 −2 M with low detection limits of (3.16 × 10 −9 M and 1.78 × 10 −9 M) for cobalt oxide and copper nanoparticle modified electrodes, respectively. Nanoparticle modification created a hydrophobic layer, improving electrode stability. The recommended potentiometric approach was evaluated for environmental friendliness and sustainability using GAPI, AGREE, and RGB-12 algorithm as greenness and whiteness assessment tools.