Research on Optimal Configuration of Wind-Solar-Storage Complementary Power Generation System Based on a Bi-Level Optimization Model

To address challenges such as consumption difficulties, renewable energy curtailment, and high carbon emissions associated with large-scale wind and solar power integration, this paper proposes an optimal configuration method for a wind-solar-storage complementary power generation system using a bi-level optimization model. Firstly, the introduction of a lithium battery storage system enhances the flexibility and reliability of the wind-solar hybrid generation system. Based on this foundation, a bi-level optimization model is developed, where the upper level minimizes the system's comprehensive cost, and the lower level focuses on minimizing carbon emissions. The comprehensive cost calculation incorporates the stepwise penalty costs of carbon emissions and curtailed wind and solar power. Subsequently, the model is solved using the Starling algorithm and the CPLEX solver. Finally, the study's conclusions indicate that this method effectively reduces the system's carbon emissions and curtailment of wind and solar power, improves the level of wind and solar power consumption, and ensures stable system operation, thereby validating the model's effectiveness.