Enhancement in High Resistance Fault Detection using Quadrilateral Relay for Transmission Line

Power transmission lines are essential in any power system. The security of transmission structures continues to be a challenging issue due to supply costs and reliability. Occasionally, numerous types of faults may arise on the transmission line, resulting in significant fluctuations in fault characteristics. This work aims to examine the identification of line-to-ground faults, line-to-line faults, high resistance faults (HRF), and external line-to-ground faults in transmission lines. Additionally, a distance relay is designed with Quadrilateral attributes. Line fault detection is accomplished via the signaling of currents and voltages. The FFT analysis is employed to ascertain the phasor values of recorded electrical signals. Later using sequence filters, the phasor is transformed into three sequence components. After that, the resistance and reactance of the faulted line are computed for various categories of faults. PSACD software is utilized to simulate the considered power system. In the event of close-in faults occurring in grid-connected transmission lines, a distance relay including Quadrilateral characteristics is utilized. Numerous fault conditions arise from significant parameter fluctuations, including high resistance and exterior line-to-ground faults. The proposed relay trigger in the event of a fault at various positions of transmission line.