Pro-cancer and anti-cancer effects of sildenafil: a mini-review

Sildenafil is primarily used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction because of its ability to enhance nitric oxide-mediated relaxation in the corpus cavernosum. Recent studies have highlighted its potential anti-cancer effects in various cancer types. Simultaneously, concerns have been raised about its possible pro-cancer activity, with multiple studies suggesting a link between sildenafil use and an increased risk of melanoma. Although this causal link remains uncertain, the dual oncological effects of this drug require careful consideration in clinical applications. This mini-review aims to explore the current evidence on the anti-cancer and pro-cancer effects of sildenafil, offering insights into its judicious use in Oncology.