Riesgos y estrategias en el uso prolongado de nutrición parenteral: una perspectiva clínica

Long-term parenteral nutrition (LPN) is a key therapy for patients with intestinal failure or contraindications to enteral nutrition, but it carries significant risks. This study aimed to analyze the complications associated with its prolonged use through a bibliographic review of articles published between 2019 and 2024 in databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library. The results highlighted metabolic (hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia), infectious (bloodstream infections), and hepatic (cholestasis) complications, especially in older adults and patients with comorbidities. It is concluded that rigorous monitoring, formula optimization, and early reintroduction of enteral nutrition are key strategies to minimize these risks. This work provides updated evidence on the management of long-term parenteral nutrition, emphasizing the need for standardized protocols and multidisciplinary approaches.