Epidemiología de los accidentes de tránsito en Ecuador: un enfoque en la tecnología y la seguridad vial

Traffic accidents represent a major public health problem worldwide, being one of the main causes of mortality and disability, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Ecuador ranks second in Latin America in terms of mortality due to traffic accidents, with a rate of 20.4 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 1.2 million people die annually due to traffic accidents, and up to 50 million are injured. This study aims to analyze the statistics of traffic accidents, injuries and fatalities in Ecuador from 2010 to 2019, using data provided by the National Transit Agency (ANT). The research is quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional, with a non-experimental approach. Nonparametric statistical tests were used to assess the normality of the data and analyze trends in traffic accidents. The results indicate that non-compliance with traffic regulations by drivers is the main cause of accidents, with distracted driving, speeding, and alcohol consumption being the most recurrent factors. In addition, the role of technology in improving road safety was explored, highlighting the importance of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in reducing road accidents. This study provides a basis for the implementation of more effective public policies and the promotion of technologies that contribute to road safety in Ecuador.