Factores genéticos y clínicos en el riesgo de tromboembolismo venoso por anticonceptivos orales

The use of oral contraceptives is common for pregnancy prevention but is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. This risk varies depending on the type of contraceptive and predisposing genetic and clinical factors. A literature review of recent studies revealed that combined oral contraceptives, particularly those with high estrogen doses, significantly increase the risk of VTE (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.5–3.4). Genetic factors such as Factor V Leiden mutation (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.5–3.4) and protein C deficiency (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2–2.7) also elevate the risk. Additionally, clinical factors such as elevated BMI, a family history of thrombosis, smoking, and advanced age further increase the risk. These findings underscore the importance of a personalized assessment when prescribing contraceptives to minimize the risk of VTE.