Clinicopathological features of glomerulopathies and their prognostic significance in cancers of different sites

This review analyzes international studies from the past five years that focus on glomerulopathies associated with malignant neoplasms of different sites. This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of histological and immunohistochemical features of morphological characteristics in glomerulopathies in cancer of different localizations, as well as identification of the specificity of the revealed features. Relevant publications were identified through Scopus, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library, with a search limited to studies published from 2019 to 2024. The review provides a detailed analysis of histological and immunohistochemical alterations in the glomerular apparatus in glomerulopathies associated with carcinomas of different sites. The identified morphological changes were assessed for their specificity. Particular attention is given to pathogenetic mechanisms that may underlie the development of glomerulopathies associated with carcinomas of different sites. A detailed analysis of the available literature demonstrates that understanding the histological and immunohistochemical features of glomerulopathies associated with malignant tumors contributes to improving diagnostic approaches for these conditions. Research in this area is of considerable importance, as it may offer new insights for the development of innovative strategies aimed at advancing prognosis and quality of life in patients with malignancies. Malignant cells are capable of expressing various substances, including proteins, that may contribute to the pathogenesis of glomerulopathies. Morphological evaluation of the glomerular apparatus enables the identification or exclusion of a pathogenetic association between the tumor and glomerulopathy, thereby allowing adjustment of the patient’s treatment plan. The review also discusses potential pathophysiological mechanisms of tumor-associated glomerulopathies, contributing to more accurate interpretation of glomerular changes and enabling differentiation between specific and paraspecific morphological features. In summary, this review presents an analysis of the histological and immunohistochemical features of glomerulopathies associated with malignant tumors of different sites, highlighting the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to diagnosing this condition as one of the clinical manifestations of malignancy.