COMPARISON OF TECHNIQUES FOR THE SURGICAL STAGE OF SIMULTANEOUS AND DELAYED DENTAL IMPLANTATION (LITERATURE REVIEW)

The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of intraoral and extraoral approaches in mandibular osteosynthesis, considering their impact on fragment fixation stability, complication risks, functional recovery, and aesthetic outcomes.The study aims to determine the optimal approach for surgical access depending on the clinical situation, fracture complexity, localization of the injury, and condition of the soft tissues.A comprehensive analysis of literature sources and clinical studies evaluating the outcomes of osteosynthesis in mandibular fractures was conducted.The parameters compared included functional recovery indicators, duration of the surgical procedure, incidence of infectious complications, nerve structure damage, severity of postoperative pain syndrome, and the likelihood of pathological scar formation.Intraoral osteosynthesis provides superior aesthetic outcomes due to the absence of external skin scars and reduces the risk of injury to the marginal branch of the facial nerve.However, it may be associated with more challenging visualization of the surgical field and an increased risk of infection.Extraoral access, in contrast, ensures better fragment stability, facilitates repositioning, and reduces the risk of residual malunion.However, it is accompanied by increased soft tissue trauma and a higher likelihood of postoperative scar formation.The choice between intraoral and extraoral approaches depends on the clinical situation, fracture complexity, soft tissue condition, and the patient's aesthetic expectations.The intraoral approach is preferable for simple fractures without significant fragment displacement, whereas extraoral osteosynthesis is more effective for complex fractures requiring precise repositioning and rigid fixation.An individualized approach to selecting the osteosynthesis technique allows for minimizing postoperative complications, ensuring optimal functional rehabilitation, and improving overall treatment outcomes for patients with mandibular fractures.