ALLERGIC STOMATITIS IN THE USE OF COMPLETE REMOVABLE DENTURES: FEATURES OF CLINICAL COURSE AND PREVENTION

Connection of the publication with planned research works.The study is a part of the research work of the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry with Implantology of Poltava State Medical University 'Application of the latest technologies for diagnostics and treatment of functional pathology of the dentoalveolar system.State registration number 0121U113817. Introduction.Complete absence of teeth occurs in 15% of people under the age of 40.According to some authors [1, 2], the need for complete removable dentures for the elderly and senile population of Ukraine is 42.2%.One of the main problems in the clinic of prosthetic dentistry is the interaction of prosthetic bed tissues with the materials used to manufacture complete removable laminar dentures [3].In manufacturing such structures, acrylic dental base materials are widely used and are often associated with allergic stomatitis.Currently, many factors are known to cause this pathological condition, but the mechanism of its occurrence is most likely associated with the immune system's response to relevant stimuli [4].According to the data provided by the WHO, delayed-type hypersensitivity is a group of reactions that occur 1-2 days after the body comes into contact with an allergen.Unlike other types of allergic reactions, delayed-type hypersensitivity is not associated with the production of antibodies.Type IV allergic reactions (delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions) in the oral cavity can manifest themselves in different ways (localised or diffuse) and appear within 24-72 hours after contact with an antigen [5].The antigens that can cause this type of reaction are mainly exogenous (contact) allergens (specifically, methyl methacrylate) and medications.The most common clinical manifestations can be cheilitis, gingivitis, stomatitis, etc. [4,6,7].The Patch test is the most essential part of the diagnostic process of such conditions, which indicates the onset of an allergic reaction.Patch test results have shown that the most common allergens are acrylates, some metals, composite materials, etc. [8].Even though the link between positive Patch test results and specific clinical manifestations was not always found, there is still a need for Patch testing to prove contact hypersensitivity.Therefore, there is an urgent need to consider allergic hypersensitivity to the components of dental materials in patients with symptoms manifested in the oral cavity.The aim of the study.To analyse and summarise the existing literature data on prosthetic allergic stomatitis and methods of its prevention.Object and research methods.The monitoring of modern views on the issue of allergic stomatitis in complete dentures was carried out based on the results of the analysis of medical scientific literature based on the databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, NCBI for the last 10 years. Main part.Delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions are immune allergic reactions primarily manifest through cellular immunity (T-cells) [7][8][9].Delayed hypersensitivity occurs only in patients sensitised due to previous exposure to a particular antigen.Previous studies have shown that the injected antigen stimulates the sensitised CD4 to secrete various cytokines.These cytokines induce the expression of adhesion molecules on the dermal endothelial cells of blood vessels.This enables the extravasation of multiple cells by penetrating the surrounding tissues (initially, these are mainly neutrophils, followed by macrophages and monocytes).The accumulation of macrophages is en-