SOME ECOLOGICAL SERVICES OF THE FIRST, 4-YEARS OLD, HUNGARIAN MIYAWAKI-FOREST IN TABAN, BUDAPEST

Miyawaki-forest is a well-known method to create small forest quickly in urban conditions. It works with native woody species that are densely (4-5 pcs/m2) planted together after topsoil changing in a quite small area. The first Hungarian Miyawaki-forest was introduced in Taban, 2021. It planted with 9 native species (Acer platanoides, Acer campestre, Carpinus betulus, Crataegus monogyna, Euonymus europaeus, Pyrus pyraster, Ulmus laevis, Sorbus torminalis and Quercus robur). The area is 40 m2. Soil was changed up to 50 centimeters before planting. 120 individuals were planted and the surface was mulched with straw about 20 cm thick to retain water in the soil. This planting arrangement provides an excellent opportunity to study the ecological services of Miyawaki forests, including the capabilities of species under low maintenance conditions. We examined some ecological services such as CO2-fixation (daily maximum photosynthetic activity), evaporation (water vapor emission) and dust deposition (mg/m2 leaf area) for more or less 4 years. Daily maximum photosynthetic activity (g CO2/m2 leaf area) and water vapor emission (l/m2 leaf area) were measured on trees twice a year in 2021, from 2022 to 2024 mostly monthly from May to October with a portable infrared gas analyzer. The data were recorded between 11 and 13 h. From 2022, dust deposition is also measured on each species. Leaf samples were collected, washed with distilled water and scanned for leaf area. The CO2-fixation and evaporation show seasonal and species changes. Dust deposition mostly influenced by weather.