Factors associated with vitamin D deficiency among medical students

Background: Vitamin D has received significant attention from the medical community due to substantial evidence highlighting its widespread deficiency. A lack of awareness regarding the importance of vitamin D intake is a primary factor contributing to serious health concerns. Medical communities, including MBBS and BSc Nursing students in their first to third years, often neglect their own fitness and lifestyle while focusing on patient care. Materials and methods: This study involved a total of 200 healthcare students, aged 18–24 years, observed over 1 year. A questionnaire was administered to collect detailed information on demographics, dietary habits (balanced vs. unbalanced diet), particularly the intake of milk and dairy products, nutritional supplementation, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and sun exposure (percentage of body surface area exposed). Results: A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was observed among the students. Male students had significantly higher vitamin D levels than female students. The majority exhibited moderate vitamin D deficiency, with only 2% having adequate levels. Several factors contributed to this deficiency, including vegetarian diets, poor nutritional quality of diets, lack of vitamin supplementation, low physical activity, and insufficient sun exposure—due to either prolonged indoor study hours during daylight or clothing that limits sun exposure. Additionally, sedentary lifestyles contributed to a high prevalence of overweight and obesity. Conclusions: In addition to the overall high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among students in the study, professional lifestyles play an integral role in several health-related issues. Altering lifestyles could adversely impact vitamin D levels.