Cyberchondria: The Impact of Excessive Internet Use on Mental and Somatic Health

Cyberchondria, combining elements of hypochondria and excessive Internet use, refers to the compulsive seeking of health information online, leading to increased anxiety and a negative impact on daily functioning. Despite advances in defining this phenomenon, its multifaceted nature remains a research challenge. In the digital age, cyberchondria is becoming increasingly prevalent, fueled by anonymity, ease of access to information, and often its low quality. A literature review identified key risk factors, including young age, female gender, personality traits such as perfectionism and low self-esteem, and prior health issues. Protective factors, such as emotional regulation skills, optimism, and medical knowledge, play a crucial role in counteracting cyberchondria. Assessment methods, including the Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS), allow for detailed examination of this phenomenon. Cyberchondria results in numerous consequences, such as heightened anxiety, more frequent doctor visits, deteriorating social relationships, and reduced quality of life. Its prevalence was particularly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, when an abundance of conflicting medical information online further exacerbated anxiety. Treating cyberchondria requires an interdisciplinary approach, combining pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, especially cognitive-behavioral therapy. Key prevention strategies include promoting access to reliable and understandable medical information and educating patients on responsible Internet use. Cyberchondria remains a significant social issue, warranting further research into its etiology, consequences, and effective coping strategies.