Considering the dynamic pricing and optimization model of the stackelberg game in which independent energy storage operations participate

This paper proposes a dynamic pricing optimization method for microgrid operators based on Stackelberg game theory, taking into account the participation of independent energy storage operators. Firstly, optimization operation models for microgrid operators and users are established separately. Then, the game relationships among operators, independent energy storage operators, and load aggregators are analyzed, and a Stackelberg game model with operators as leaders is constructed, through which the optimal electricity-heat prices are obtained by optimization solution. Finally, case study analysis verifies that the proposed optimization method with independent energy storage participation can increase the overall profits of upper-level operators while achieving peak shaving and valley filling for some energy.