Harmonization of Manado Malay speech with the behavior of buyers and sellers at bahu traditional market in Manado

Communication in traditional markets involves complex verbal and non-verbal interactions between buyers and sellers, each with unique behaviors and strategies. This study examines the speech patterns and communicative behaviors of buyers and sellers at Bahu Traditional Market in Manado, focusing on harmonization in their interactions. Using a qualitative approach, data collection involved observation, recording, participant and non-participant observation, and note-taking. Data were analyzed through a pragmatic sorting technique, specifically the element-differentiation approach. Findings reveal a blend of direct and indirect speech acts, including literal and non-literal expressions, demonstrating the dynamic negotiation process. Harmonization is a key aspect of these exchanges, as both parties aim to reach mutually beneficial agreements despite occasional impatience or frustration. Sellers employ persuasive techniques to justify prices, highlight product quality, and build trust, while buyers use negotiation strategies to secure favorable deals. Additionally, non-verbal cues, such as gestures and facial expressions, accompany speech, reinforcing communicative intent. Notably, instances of code-switching between Manado Malay, English, and Sangir reflect the market’s multilingual nature. While conflicts occasionally arise due to disagreements over pricing or service, both buyers and sellers generally strive for cooperative interactions. The findings highlight the intricate balance between negotiation, persuasion, and cultural influences in shaping traditional market communication. Understanding these dynamics provides valuable insights into the social and linguistic intricacies of marketplace interactions, emphasizing the necessity of harmonization in facilitating smooth transactions.