Integrating GIS and Fuzzy BWM for Solar PV Power Plant Site Selection: A Case Study of Konya, Turkey

The global demand for energy continues to rise, driving the need for sustainable and efficient energy solutions. This study presents a comprehensive framework that combines the fuzzy best-worst method (BWM) with geographic information systems (GIS) to optimize solar power plant site selection. Eight criteria, including solar irradiation, slope, aspect, and proximity to infrastructure and water resources, were evaluated using the fuzzy BWM approach. These weighted criteria were integrated into GIS to create a suitability map, categorized into five levels of potential. The proposed framework was applied to Konya, Türkiye, a region with abundant solar energy resources, and highly suitable sites for solar photovoltaic (PV) power plant development were successfully identified. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to validate the robustness of the results. The findings demonstrate the framework’s potential as a reliable decision-support tool for energy planners and policymakers, offering a replicable model for regions with similar characteristics.