Dynamic Behavior of Ti/Ti Single-Lap Laminated Structure with a Large-Diameter Bolt-Based Electromagnetic Force: Numerical Simulation and Experimental Verification

Electromagnetic force installation is recognized as a viable solution for interference-fit issues in large-diameter bolts. However, the dynamic mechanical behavior of the joint during installation has not been fully clarified. This study investigated the dynamic mechanical behavior of large-diameter Ti/Ti interference-fit bolted joints during electromagnetic installation through numerical simulation and experimental validation. The simulation results indicate uniform deformation at the inlet of the bore wall under interference levels, with a maximum displacement variance of 21.1 μm². Axial stress distribution exhibited higher uniformity at 1% and 1.5% interference-fit amounts, demonstrating the capability of the electromagnetic-driven installation technique to ensure high-quality assembly within a defined interference range. The inlet-end stress consistently exceeded the outlet-end stress, while excessive interference (>1%) induced localized plastic deformation at the upper/lower plate inlets due to material softening. The critical interference threshold of 1% was identified: elastic deformation dominated below 1%, transitioning to plastic deformation beyond this limit. Thus, 1% interference is optimal for a Φ9.98 mm TC4 laminated structure. Furthermore, simulation and experimental results showed strong agreement, with installation force errors below 3.71%, validating the reliability and accuracy of the model in predicting dynamic interference-fit behavior.