Transport system as a determinant of the spatial development of the region

The purpose of the article is to highlight of the role of the transport system as a determinant of spatial development in a region (the case of Kharkiv region). Basic material. The interaction of settlements is essentially carried out through the transport system, as the transformation of the settlement network into a settlement system occurs precisely due to the presence of various hierarchical connections between settlements. An efficiently functioning transport system not only contributes to regional development but also affects spatial organization, as the mobility of passengers and goods is an essential component for economic and social activities, commuting migration, production, distribution of goods and services, or energy supply. Kharkiv region has traditionally been characterized as an economically developed region, a logistics hub with a well-developed transport system and logistics. However, the region is one of the most affected by military actions. Nevertheless, the restoration of transport infrastructure in Kharkiv is one of the priority tasks for the region and the country, as it ensures high-quality logistics and effective transport communication, which forms a reliable rear for accomplishing tasks at the front line. The detailed analysis of Kharkiv region’s transport system showed that the region has a developed and extensive transport infrastructure, which is an important factor in ensuring population mobility and freight transport. This, in turn, stimulates economic development and urbanization, particularly the formation of the Kharkiv agglomeration. The network of roads and railways is key to the region, providing connections both within the region and with other regions of Ukraine and European countries. However, extreme events caused by the war have inflicted severe damage to the transport system, requiring significant efforts and investments for restoration. Moreover, the destruction of infrastructure, significant mine contamination of territories, and temporary occupation of part of the region complicate the recovery work due to the challenging security conditions. Despite these difficulties, the region continues to function as an important logistics hub thanks to support from national and international donors. The transport system of Kharkiv Region is characterized by a multi-component structure with numerous transport hubs of varying hierarchical levels. The largest transport hubs in the region include the cities of Kharkiv, Lozova, Izium, Kupyansk, Chuhuiv, Zlatopil, and others. The restoration of transport infrastructure, including bridges and roads, is necessary to ensure the region’s development and its further integration into the European transport network. This requires comprehensive reconstruction, particularly in the most affected areas, using modern materials to ensure long-term durability. An important stage of recovery is the development of a demining program for the safe restoration of infrastructure and attracting state, international, and private investments through grant programs, among other sources. Conclusions. The analysis of the transport system of Kharkiv region confirms its significant role in spatial development, ensuring mobility for the population, transportation of goods, and supporting the economic and social activity of the population. An efficiently functioning transport system contributes to rapid urbanization, the formation of the Kharkiv agglomeration, and forms the basis for logistical connections of various hierarchical levels. However, due to military actions, the region and its transport system have suffered significant damage, requiring substantial efforts for restoration, considering security risks and the considerable mine hazard. The restoration of transport infrastructure, particularly bridges and roads, is critically important for the region and its integration into the European transport system.