PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF SODOM APPLE SAP AS AN ADMIXTURE IN FRESH CONCRETE

Concrete is a commonly used construction material that requires enhancements to improve its durability, workability, and resistance to environmental degradation. Admixtures have been used to modify the rheological properties of concrete, with organic and plant-based materials gaining attention due to their sustainability and cost-effectiveness. This study investigates the performance of Sodom apple sap (Calotropis procera) as an admixture in fresh concrete. The physical and chemical properties of the sap were characterized, and its effects on setting time and workability were evaluated. Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to analyze the experimental results, and the optimal sap dosage was determined. Based on regression models and optimization analysis, the best conditions for fresh concrete were found to be a water-cement (W/C) ratio of 0.55 and an admixture dosage of 0.35%. The findings show that Sodom apple sap increases the workability of concrete and slightly delays setting times, making it suitable for applications requiring improved rheological and finishing properties. However, this study did not cover the mechanical properties of the concrete, which should be explored in future research. The study shows the potential of Sodom apple sap as a sustainable admixture in concrete technology.