ЛИКВИДАЦИЯ НЕГРАМОТНОСТИ — КАК ПРОЦЕСС ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ОБУЧЕНИЯ СРЕДИ ОРГАНИЗОВАННЫХ ГРУПП НАСЕЛЕНИЯ В 1920-Е ГГ. (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ ОРЕНБУРГСКОЙ ГУБЕРНИИ)

The article is devoted to the analysis of campaigns to eradicate illiteracy among organized groups of the population in the Orenburg province in the 1920s. At that time, the fight against illiteracy was one of the key tasks of the Soviet government, aimed at forming a literate and politically conscious workforce. The study examines teaching methods, the role of state and public institutions, as well as the difficulties faced by organizers of educational programs. Particular attention is paid to the gender and ethnocultural aspects of education, the reasons for the low coverage of certain groups of the population are analyzed. The study is based on archival materials, reports and statistical information that allow us to assess the effectiveness of the activities. The use of historical-genetic, comparative-historical and statistical methods made it possible to identify both general trends in Soviet educational policy and specific features of the region. The study found that, despite the active support of the campaigns by the state, the lack of personnel and financial constraints significantly slowed down the learning process. The obtained results allow us to better understand the mechanisms of implementation of educational reforms in the Soviet Union and their impact on society, and also enrich our understanding of the influence of regional conditions on the implementation of all-Union initiatives.