The assessment of urban eco-efficiency of Brazilian municipalities based on directional distance functions

Purpose The purpose of this study is to specify an optimization model to quantify the expanded urban eco-efficiency of Brazilian municipalities, considering both desirable and undesirable factors. The quantitative measure of urban ecoefficiency allows one to identify strengths and weaknesses in Brazilian cities and to facilitate the exploration of alternative decision scenarios for improving eco-efficiency, offering actionable insights for decision-makers. Design/methodology/approach The methodology adopted involves the application of a directional distance function (DDF) specified within a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, using data collected from an open source Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) database. Findings The results indicate interregional disparities in eco-efficiency scores among Brazilian cities. Wealthier southeastern cities exhibit higher scores than those in the impoverished northern region, which suffers from inadequate sanitation and waste management. The model specified can identify best practices and areas for targeted improvement, offering actionable insights to policymakers. Originality/value This study offers a novel approach to measuring urban eco-efficiency by integrating desirable and undesirable factors within an expanded urban eco-efficiency score, which enables the exploration of alternative decision scenarios. The insights gained from this research can assist policymakers in identifying best practices and implementing targeted improvements across different regions in Brazil.