Exploring the positive association of blood lipid levels with prostate cancer risk and their relationship to pathological features in the Chinese population

Presently, the majority of investigations into the effects blood lipids on prostate cancer (PCa) primarily involve Western populations. Our study endeavors to investigate the impact of blood lipid levels on the risk of PCa among the Chinese population and to elucidate their potential association with the pathological characteristics of PCa. This study drew data from a dataset for early warning of PCa from the China National Population Health Science Data Center, encompassing 2624 patients who had undergone prostate biopsy. We utilized binary logistic regression to assess the ability of blood lipid levels to distinguish between PCa and non-PCa, as well as to differentiate clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) from non-PCa. Additionally, we assessed the ability of these lipid markers to predict whether the Gleason Grade (GG) would be upgraded or downgraded following radical prostatectomy compared to the biopsy GG. Furthermore, ordered multiclass logistic regression was employed to explore the relationship between these indicators and GG. In the Chinese population, triglycerides (P = .004; OR: 1.344; 95% CI: 1.201-1.503), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < .001; OR: 1.314; 95% CI: 1.200-1.439), and apolipoprotein A1 (P < .001; OR: 2.451; 95% CI: 1.714-3.504) were identified as independent risk factors for predicting PCa. Additionally, triglycerides (P = .013; OR: 1.156; 95% CI: 1.031-1.295) and apolipoprotein A1 (P < .001; OR: 2.580; 95% CI: 1.809-3.680) were found to be independent risk factors for predicting csPCa. Our study demonstrated a positive association between blood lipid levels and PCa risk in the Chinese population, highlighting the potential utility of blood lipids as biomarkers for PCa. In male individuals with a familial predisposition to PCa or other recognized risk factors for PCa, the assessment of blood lipid levels can be incorporated as an auxiliary biomarker in the routine health screening protocol.