Race-neutral Pediatric Reference Ranges for Bone Mineral Density Predict Prospective Fractures in Childhood
We present the first race-neutral pediatric reference ranges for BMD and BMAD that are weighted to be representative of the US population and demonstrate that these Z-scores associate with fracture risk. Adoption of these new reference ranges should be considered, with thoughtful implementation for patients previously monitored with race-specific reference ranges, especially among children who identify as Black.
Authors
- Heidi J. Kalkwarf (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9030-8401)
- Shana E. McCormack (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1143-4459)
- David S. Freedman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8014-0289)
- Babette S. Zemel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6164-7348)
- Sharon E. Oberfield (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9652-1107)
- David R. Weber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6895-2372)
- John Shepherd (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2280-2541)
- Struan F.A. Grant (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2025-5302)
- Joan M. Lappe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8274-2515)
- Jonathan A. Mitchell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3765-2419)
- Tara McWilliams (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2332-0256)
- Karen K. Winer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8261-5188)
- Andrea Kelly (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1724-9868)
Institutions
- Creighton University (US)
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Hawaii System (US)
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Cancer Center of Hawaii (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (UG)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of Cincinnati Medical Center (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Published
- 2025-03-23
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaf183
- Citations
- 6
- Primary Topic
- Bone fractures and treatments
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 8.13