Total carbohydrate and protein contents and some biological activities of edible Macrolepiota mastoidea mushroom

Abstract Mushrooms gained significant attention in the field of health due to their rich biochemical composition and strong antioxidant potential. In this study, the biological activities of Macrolepiota mastoidea mushroom were investigated. The total carbohydrate and protein contents of the mushroom and its antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and antiproliferative properties were evaluated. According to the obtained data, the total carbohydrate and total protein contents of M. mastoidea were determined as an important indicator for the biological activities of the mushroom. In addition, the high levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds revealed that the mushroom exhibited strong antioxidant activity. The results obtained in tests such as DPPH and FRAP show that M. mastoidea has a high capacity to neutralise free radicals. In enzyme inhibition tests, significant effects were observed on acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, amylase, and glucosidase, suggesting that the mushroom may provide potential benefits in the treatment of neurological diseases and diabetes. In addition, it was determined that the antiproliferative effect against A549 lung cancer cell line was dose-dependent. These findings indicate that M. mastoidea is a valuable biological resource that can be used in health areas such as antioxidant defense, enzyme modulation, and cancer treatment. Advanced molecular and cellular studies are recommended to better understand the mechanisms of this effect.