The Influence of Diverse Substitutions for Fine Aggregate on Concrete Strength in the Reduction of Natural Resources Reliances

Enhancing concrete strength has become increasingly imperative within the construction sector. The primary aim of this study is to assess the performance of concrete casting using laterite and coastal sand individually. The adoption of alternative soil in concrete casting is imperative as it can reduce reliance on river soil. The laterite soil utilized in this study is sourced from Bukit Chabang, Perlis, while the coastal sand is obtained from Kuala Perlis. The optimal replacement percentages for laterite and coastal sand are recorded at 15% and 20%, respectively. It is observed that a 25% increase in concrete strength is achieved with a 20% replacement of coastal sand in concrete casting. The water absorption test reveals that concrete cast with coastal sand exhibits the lowest absorption rate compared to control and laterite soil samples.