A FIRE STATION LAYOUT OPTIMIZATION MODEL BASED ON SIMULATED ANNEALING

Fires pose a serious threat to life and property. A rational layout of fire stations is crucial for enhancing the fire - fighting emergency response capacity. This paper comprehensively applies the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation model, the non - integer rank - sum ratio (RSR) model, the simulated annealing algorithm (SA), and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to study the optimization of urban fire station layouts. By using the first two models combined with the entropy weight method to evaluate the existing layout, problems such as insufficient coverage and long response times were identified. The SA was used to optimize the layout, which reduced the average response time by 4.7 minutes and balanced the jurisdiction scope. The AHP was used to clarify that factors such as fire risk levels are key factors affecting the layout. However, the simulated annealing algorithm has limitations such as slow convergence. Future research can introduce adaptive simulated annealing algorithms and strengthen the study of dynamic factors for improvement. This research provides a scientific basis and a feasible solution for the optimization of urban fire station layouts.