Assesing ecological condition and diversity of mangrove and seagrass in Kepala Madan, South Buru, Maluku

Mangrove and seagrass ecosystems are critical components of the marine environment, providing essential functions for coastal ecosystems and contributing to climate-change mitigation. This study analyzed the biodiversity and ecological conditions of mangrove and seagrass ecosystems in the Kepala Madan District, South Buru, Maluku Province. Mangroves were assessed using line transects, while seagrasses were evaluated using the seagrass-watch methodology, with data collected directly from the field. Nine mangrove species were identified: Rhizophora stylosa (the dominant species), Rhizophora mucronata , Sonneratia alba , Sonneratia ovata , Bruguiera gymnorrhiza , Bruguiera parviflora , Avicennia alba , Avicennia lanata , and Avicennia officinalis . Seven species were found in the seagrass ecosystems: Cymodocea rotundata (the dominant species), Enhalus acoroides , Halodule ovalis , Halodule uninervis , Halophila spinulosa , Halophila decipiens , and Syringodium isoetifolium . Vegetation density varied across locations owing to multiple influencing factors. Despite this variation, water quality assessments have revealed favorable conditions for both mangrove and seagrass ecosystems, supporting their ecological health and sustainability.