Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Rural Settlement Landscape and Influencing Factors in the Border Areas of China, North Korea and Russia-Taking Hunchun City as an Example

Rural settlements are the basic spatial units of compact communities in rural areas, and scientific exploration of their spatio-temporal evolution and their influencing factors is an important prerequisite for the rationalization of spatial layout, and such an analysis can guarantee the rational planning and sustainable development of rural settlements in China and promote rural revitalization. Taking Hunchun City in Jilin Province as the research object, the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of rural settlements in the region were analyzed by landscape index and spatial structure during the period of 1990-2020 by using ArcGIS spatial analysis tools. The results show that: (1) during the period of 1990-2020, the land scale of rural settlements in Hunchun City is characterized by expansion and then a small decrease, and the spatial distribution is in the state of agglomeration, and the density change is not significant. (2) The spatial and temporal evolution of rural settlement landscape is influenced by various factors such as nature, society and human beings. (3) Based on the ecological security protection pattern of the study area, the landscape pattern optimization of rural settlements was carried out, which was divided into four types of settlement landscape optimization.