Fuzzy-Virtual inertia control to improve the frequency response of multi-area power systems

Virtual inertia control (VIC) is essential for power systems dominated by electronic devices to compensate for the lack of inertia and ensure frequency regulation. However, most existing VICs often focus solely on optimizing the virtual inertia parameter to adapt to the high penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) without considering the damping factor. This oversight can lead to significant fluctuations and power mismatches, especially in interconnected systems where the coordination between MGs is sensitive and essential, and there is a risk of propagation of deviations between MGs, which makes the control more complex. To address these issues, this paper presents a new methodology for designing an advanced VIC for an interconnected system. The proposed controller combines fuzzy logic with virtual inertia and damping control ( FVIDC ) to enhance the frequency response under high variability of RESs. The proposed technique adaptively adjusts the virtual inertia and damping factor based on the frequency deviation, rate of change in frequency, and active power changes of RESs to ensure precise control. The proposed strategy is evaluated using MATLAB simulation software under various scenarios, including load and generation disturbances, as well as the connection and disconnection event. The results demonstrate that FVIDC significantly outperforms other methods, including PID-VIC , FVIC , and PID-VIDC. Results show a 40% reduction in settling time, a 50% decrease in frequency deviation, and a RoCoF of approximately 0.01Hz/s , well below the ISO 8528-5 standard limit of 0.6Hz/s. These findings highlight the effectiveness of FVIDC in improving dynamic frequency response and ensuring stability in renewable energy-dominated systems.