Differences in Food Consumption Frequencies and Perceived Lifestyle Behaviors by Accommodation Environment and Gender Among Omani University Students: A Pilot Study

This study aimed to examine the variations in food consumption frequency and perceived lifestyle behaviors based on gender and living arrangements. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from August 2022 to September 2023, including 176 participants from various colleges at A’Sharqiyah University in Oman. Data were collected using a self-administered electronic questionnaire. A notably high percentage of students residing with their families indicated a significant variation in the frequency of consumption of carrots, cucumbers, bell peppers, lettuce, onions, tomatoes, and dates, with respective p-values of 0.002, 0.028, 0.016, 0.048, 0.025, 0.003, and 0.001. Increased consumption of canned tuna, whole milk, milk chocolate, chicken, and falafel sandwiches (P=0.051, 0.006, 0.011, 0.007, and 0.050, respectively) was noted among students residing away from their families. Consumption of fruits such as dates, melon, and oranges were higher among males (53.6, 17.9, and 25%, p=0.016, 0.013, and 0.050, respectively). The majority of males exhibited a greater consumption of Omani coffee, as well as sweet and traditional dishes. Among students residing with their families, a significant proportion reported a sleep duration of 7 to 8 hours per day, accounting for 75% of the respondents (p=0.029). Students living independently reported perceived unhealthy dietary habits (41.7%, P=0.007) along with a decreased frequency of consuming home-cooked meals (35%, P=0.001). Females demonstrated commendable study habits, with 23.6% dedicating more than four hours per day to their studies (P=0.002). In contrast, male students reported a higher frequency of dining out, with 46.4% dining out three to six times per week compared to 20.3% of female students (P=0.012). A significant majority of the study participants (86.9%, P=0.023) were not utilizing any dietary supplements. In general, students who resided independently, without family, exhibited a greater tendency to engage in less healthy food choices and lifestyle behaviors.