A one health approach addressing poultry-associated antimicrobial resistance: Human, animal and environmental perspectives

Antibiotics, often viewed as a solution, are now recognized as a double-edged sword due to their widespread and improper use. As the global demand for poultry products rises, antibiotics have become a seemingly indispensable tool to meet this need. However, while this practice addresses production demands, it leaves significant health concerns. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) marks the beginning of a series of unpredictable and potentially undefendable diseases. The topic of zoonosis has gained considerable attention recently, highlighting the intricate connections between humans, animals, and the environment. This review explores the specific impacts of antibiotics—particularly ARGs and ARBs—within the poultry industry, examining the driving factors behind their rise. By delving into the One Health concept, which underscores the interconnectedness of these three domains, the review also discusses innovative strategies to minimize antibiotic use in poultry farming which are vital for preventing and controlling zoonotic diseases, ensuring a healthier environment, and ultimately achieving optimal public health across all tiers of One Health. • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing crisis, leading to ineffective treatments and persistent infections. • Poultry farming is a major contributor to AMR due to excessive antibiotic use for growth promotion and disease prevention. • Resistant bacteria and antibiotic residues from poultry enter the food chain, water, and soil, raising public health risks. • A One Health approach is crucial to combat AMR, integrating surveillance, policy, and sustainable farming practices. • Reducing antibiotic misuse in poultry farming through stricter policies, alternative therapies, and better biosecurity can curb resistance.