Evaluation of risk factors contributing to device-related pressure ulcer development in critically ill patients

Aims: Device-related pressure ulcers are one of the most common complications observed in patients treated in intensive care units (ICUs). These ulcers negatively impact patient comfort and significantly increase treatment costs. To prevent and manage pressure ulcers caused by medical devices, it is essential to thoroughly understand the associated risk factors. This study aims to determine the prevalence of device-related pressure ulcers in critically ill patients and evaluate the risk factors contributing to their development. Methods: The study included 91 patients who were monitored with non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) in the pulmonary intensive care unit between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021. The patients’ demographic characteristics, nutritional status, body-mass index (BMI), biochemical parameters, and Braden pressure ulcer risk assessment scale scores of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The findings revealed no direct relationship between the duration of medical device use and the development of pressure ulcers. However, an increase in the number of days masks were used was significantly associated with the progression of pressure ulcer stages, particularly from early to advanced stages. The study also found that the Braden scoring system was insufficient in predicting pressure ulcers caused by oronasal masks, while patients with higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels tended to have ulcers that remained at early stages without progression. No significant association was found between pressure ulcer development and nutritional status, albumin levels, BMI, or corticosteroid use. However, prolonged ICU stays were associated with the progression of pressure ulcers to more advanced stages. Conclusion: These results emphasize the importance of optimizing the duration of device usage and selecting appropriate devices to prevent device-related pressure ulcers.