The hidden impact: frailty and malnutrition in patients with diabetic foot ulcers

Aims: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a significant complication affecting over 30% of individuals with diabetes, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. This study investigates the relationships between frailty, nutritional status, and quality of life in patients aged 50 and older diagnosed with DFUs. Methods: A total of 100 participants with DFUs were prospectively included in the study, with assessments conducted using the Edmonton Frailty Scale and the Mini Nutritional Assessment Scale. Quality of life was evaluated using the EQ-5D-3L scale. Demographic data, concomitant diseases, medications, HbA1c levels, and participants’ height, weight, and circumferences of the upper arm, calf, and waist were recorded. The data analysis was performed using statistical software. Results: The findings revealed that 50% of patients exhibited varying degrees of frailty, and 85% were at risk of malnutrition. Both frailty and malnutrition were associated with a significant decline in quality of life. Notably, patients with normal nutritional status reported higher quality of life scores compared to those at risk of malnutrition or malnourishment. Conclusion: This study underscores the need for a holistic approach to managing DFUs that integrates frailty and nutritional status assessments. Targeted interventions addressing these factors are essential for improving health outcomes and enhancing the quality of life for individuals living with diabetes. The findings advocate a shift from a narrow focus on wound management to a broader, more comprehensive care strategy.