The Role of Keratinocytes in Skin Health and Disease

ABSTRACT Aim This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of keratinocytes, the predominant cell type in the epidermis, by examining their structural, functional, and regulatory roles in skin biology. The study explores the intricate processes of keratinocyte differentiation, proliferation, and immune interactions, emphasizing their essential contributions to skin homeostasis, wound healing, and barrier integrity. Additionally, it investigates the involvement of keratinocytes in dermatological disorders such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and skin cancer, highlighting their pathological alterations and molecular mechanisms. Methods This review covers a broad range of studies, including in vitro and in vivo research on keratinocyte biology, their interactions with growth factors, and their contributions to inflammatory responses in the skin. It also discusses therapeutic advancements such as biologics and gene therapy that focus on restoring keratinocyte function in skin diseases. Results The review highlights that keratinocytes play a pivotal role in skin inflammation and the regulation of growth factors that promote wound healing and skin regeneration. Dysregulation of keratinocyte function is linked to several skin diseases, emphasizing the need for targeted therapeutic approaches. Recent advancements in treatments, such as gene therapy and biologics, offer promising outcomes for managing conditions driven by keratinocyte dysfunction. Conclusion The primary aim of this review is to provide an in‐depth overview of the functions of keratinocytes, particularly their roles in skin health, inflammation, and disease development. The review also aims to highlight the latest therapeutic strategies targeting keratinocytes for the treatment of skin diseases.