Non-medicamentous methods in conservative treatment and preoperative preparation of patients with gonarthritis (literature review)

Introduction. The frequency of diseases of large joints is steadily increasing. In 2019, in the Russian Federation, among the population over working age, osteoarthritis was diagnosed in 420,000 patients for the first time in their lives. At the same time, the understanding of the mechanisms of development of pathologies of large joints among physicians is deepening. Thus, the International Classification of Diseases-11 rejects the term «osteoarthritis» (ICD-11) in favour of the term «arthritis», emphasising the inflammatory nature of this disease. Total knee arthroplasty, recognised as the gold standard for the treatment of gonarthritis, is used at late stages of the disease when other treatments are ineffective. In Russia, 50,000 total knee arthroplasty surgeries were performed in 2020. Each patient requires rehabilitation and preoperative preparation to achieve the best possible functional results of gonatritis treatment. Orthopaedic traumatologists see a reserve for improving the quality of treatment of patients with stage III-IV gonarthritis in the improvement of perioperative support and in increasing the preand postoperative awareness of patients. Non-medicamentous treatment methods used in the preoperative period can be considered as prerehabilitation, increasing the rehabilitation potential of the patient after total knee arthroplasty. The aim of the review : to systematise information on the use of non-medicamentous methods in conservative treatment and preoperative preparation of patients with gonarthritis and to evaluate the possibility of their use in the prerehabilitation of patients.