RT-PCR Misdiagnosis of Patient with Rare EGFR Mutation Lung Adenocarcinoma: Is NGS the Only Solution?

<b>Background and Clinical Significance:</b> Molecular testing plays a crucial role in lung cancer diagnosis and management. While single-gene tests (SGTs) remain an important diagnostic tool, developments in novel methods such as next generation sequencing (NGS) provide a more precise mutational profile and enable the targeted treatment of a larger scope of mutation-driven cancers. <b>Case presentation:</b> We present a case of a patient with a rare <i>EGFR</i> variant lung adenocarcinoma, who was misdiagnosed using a SGT. The initial treatment with immunotherapy was unsuccessful. <b>Conclusions:</b> The patient could have benefited if NGS had been performed instead of traditional real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and if adequate tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment was initiated at the time of diagnosis.