Comparative study of Powder X-Ray Diffraction Analyses of Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Sol-Gel Method

This study presents a comparative analysis of Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) data of various Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticle samples synthesized via the Sol-Gel method using Titanium (IV) isopropoxide as a precursor. Titanium Dioxide, known for its chemical inertness and environmental friendliness, is widely utilized in industries as a pigment and exists in three crystalline phases: anatase, rutile, and brookite. XRD analysis revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles exhibit pure anatase and anatase-rutile mixed phases. The particle sizes, ranging in nanometres, were influenced by varying precursor ratios and calcination temperatures. Additionally, this research evaluates critical characteristics such as specific surface area, dislocation density, and morphology index, providing insights into the structural and physical properties of the prepared nanoparticles.