Synergistic combinatorial delivery system based on nanoliposome encapsulating doxorubicin and sorafenib for broad-spectrum cancer treatment

A novel combination delivery approach entrapping Sorafenib inside a nanoliposome bilayer and Doxorubicin within the aqueous core to achieve the broad-spectrum synergistic chemotherapeutic effect. DOX-SOR liposomes were synthesized by thin film hydration and characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, Fluorescence, and Scanning Electron Microscopy, followed by cytotoxicity assessments. Nanoliposomes demonstrated effective loading and encapsulation of Doxorubicin (10.23% ± 0.65 and 89.65% ± 0.52) and Sorafenib (10.42% ± 0.50 and 85.35% ± 0.72) with a 165 nm ± 1.34 mean diameter, -15.2 ± 1.78 zeta potential, and 75% ± 1.92 of cumulative release. <i>In vitro</i> analysis of nanoliposomes demonstrated biocompatibility up to 250 µg/mL concentration (<i>p</i> < 0.05), enhanced intracellular localization in Hep2c cell lines, 91% ± 1.72 cytotoxic effects (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) with IC₅₀ up to 127µg/mL, 21% ± 0.89 cell viability with 85% apoptosis (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) using flow cytometer. This study presents a promising treatment approach using a multidrug-loaded nanoliposomes for broad-spectrum synergistic chemotherapy.