Comprehensive characterization of Co_0.5Mg_0.5Fe₂O₄-BTO, Ni_0.5Co_0.5Fe₂O₄-BTO, and Ni_0.5Mg_0.5Fe₂O₄-BTO nanocomposites

Abstract This study investigates the properties of Co 0.5 Mg 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 -BaTiO 3 (CMFO-BTO), Ni 0.5 Co 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 -BaTiO 3 (NCFO-BTO), and Ni 0.5 Mg 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 -BaTiO 3 (NMFO-BTO) nanocomposites, synthesized via the sol–gel method. The structural analysis, including x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confirms the coexistence of tetragonal BTO and spinel ferrite phases. The morphological examination using Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) reveals agglomerated polygonal shape particles. The energy band gaps of the nanocomposites range from 1.45 eV to 1.82 eV. Magnetic measurements show a narrow remanent magnetization in NMFO-BTO, indicating soft magnetic behavior, while CMFO-BTO exhibits the highest saturation and remanent magnetization. Dielectric measurements reveal that the CMFO-BTO composite possesses the highest dielectric constant and the lowest loss. Furthermore, the Nyquist plot demonstrates that the NMFO-BTO sample exhibits the highest resistance. These findings contribute to the comprehensive understanding of the structural, morphological, optical, magnetic, and dielectric properties of these nanocomposites, highlighting their potential for advanced electronic and energy applications.